Question Mark Butterfly (Polygonia interrogationis)
The Question Mark Butterfly is one of the most fascinating brush-footed butterflies in North America. Its name comes straightaway from a small silver punctuation-mark-shaped curve on the underside of its hindwings — a clear “question mark.” Once you see it, you’ll never forget it.
This butterfly is easy to recognize in flight. The upper wing surface is a warm, tawny orange with dark brown edging and spots. The jagged wing margins mimic the appearance of a dried leaf, giving this species excellent camouflage when at rest. When the wings are folded, the dull brown undersides hide the bright color completely.
Adult Question Marks are attracted to sap flows, rotting fruit, and even animal scat. They are not frequent flower visitors. In contrast to many butterfly species, they prefer more unusual food sources rich in minerals and sugars.
The caterpillars feed on several native tree species. Common hostplants include Elm (Ulmus americana), Nettle (Urtica dioica), and Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis). These trees are essential for the species’ life cycle, providing both nourishment and shelter for the developing larvae.
The Question Mark can be found across the eastern United States, especially in woodland edges, parks, and suburban areas with plenty of host trees. Adults often overwinter as adults hidden in bark crevices or outbuildings, reappearing on the first warm days of spring.
This butterfly’s presence in a habitat is a sign of ecological richness and healthy tree diversity. Its adaptable habits and curious name make it a delightful subject for any naturalist’s observation list.
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