Aster: an Introduction to the Genus.
When most spring + summer garden flowers have faded, native Asters take center stage—bursting into bloom in late summer and early fall just when pollinators need them most. These specifically cheerful, star-like blossoms paint fields and gardens in shades of violet, lavender, blue, pink and white. Finally, Asters in bloom signal the natural climax of the season.
New York State is home to more than 30 native Aster species, including New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae), Calico Aster (S. lateriflorum), Heartleaf Aster (S. cordifolium), and Aromatic Aster (S. oblongifolium). Each thrives in slightly different conditions—from dry, sunny slopes to moist woodland edges. In short, all share one trait: they are indispensable to native bees and migrating butterflies. Monarchs in particular rely on late-season nectar from Asters to fuel their southward journey.
North American “Asters” were recently reclassified into several genera—Symphyotrichum, Eurybia, Doellingeria, Ionactis, and others—based on molecular and morphological differences that assumed they are distinct evolutionary lineages within the Asteraceae family, separate from the true Aster genus. Taxonomists change their mind a lot. This post will use the traditional and modern nomenclature liberally.
At Jessecology Eco-Landscaping, we certainly plant Asters in virtually every habitat restoration garden we design. Their long bloom time, toughness, wildlife support capacity and adaptability make them one of the cornerstones of fall biodiversity. Whether planted in meadow borders, along driveways, or in pollinator gardens, they fill the landscape with texture and color when it’s needed most.
Ecological role:
Asters are a keystone genus for fall pollinators. Their composite flowers offer abundant nectar and pollen, attracting native bumblebees, sweat bees, syrphid flies, and late-season butterflies. Once the petals fade, American Goldfinches and other songbirds feast on their seeds into (and sometimes through) winter.
Planting tips:
- Full to part sun preferred
- Dry, average to moist/wet soil (some even tolerate dry clay well).
- Cut back certain species by half in June for more compact, bushy plants and heavier bloom.
- Combine with Goldenrod (Solidago), Ironweed (Vernonia), and Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum) for a classic late-season native meadow palette.
Native Asters of New York: 10 Standout Species.
New York is home to over 30 species of native Asters—each with its own bloom time, preferred habitat, and subtle idiosyncrasies. These fall-blooming wildflowers light up the late-season garden and feed a tremendous diversity of pollinators. Here are ten of our favorites:
1. Calico Aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
A charming woodland-edge species with small, white-to-pinkish flowers that turn rose as they age. The “calico” name refers to the multi-colored centers, often golden, pink, and purple all at once. A wonderful pollinator magnet for part shade and dry soil.
2. Aromatic Aster (Symphyotrichum oblongifolium)
Low-growing and fragrant, this species forms dense mounds covered in vivid violet blooms. It thrives in dry, sunny sites and clay soils—making it a favorite for tough slopes or sunny borders. One of the last to bloom in fall.
3. New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
A tall, showy species with deep purple petals and a golden center, beloved by Monarch butterflies during migration. Prefers significantly moist, rich soils and full sun. Often grows 3–5 feet tall, obviously making it a standout in meadow plantings.
4. Sky Blue Aster (Symphyotrichum oolentangiense)
With true sky-blue petals and an overall delicate habit, this species is striking in dry upland meadows and open woods. It specifically tolerates drought and poor soils, thriving where other perennials fade.
5. Showy Aster (Eurybia spectabilis)
A coastal and sandy-soil native with rather large lavender blooms on wiry stems. Prefers significantly well-drained soils and full sun—excellent for naturalizing in dry, open landscapes.
6. Smooth Aster (Symphyotrichum laeve)
Named for its glossy, hairless leaves, Smooth Aster bears lavender-blue flowers on sturdy stems. It’s certainly drought-tolerant and adaptable, often used in roadsides and wildflower meadows.
7. Heath Aster (Symphyotrichum ericoides)
A cloud of tiny white blooms covers this species in late summer. It forms dense mounds, perfect for dry, sunny areas. Symphyotrichum ericoides is a powerhouse for late-season pollinators.
8. Bigleaf Aster (Eurybia macrophylla)
A bold woodland species with rather large heart-shaped basal leaves and pale lavender blooms. Thrives in part to full shade and rocky soil—ideal for native shade gardens.
9. Blue Wood or Heartleaf Aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium)
Another woodland-edge favorite, this one with pale blue flowers and dark stems. It spreads politely by rhizomes, creating a soft understory bloom beneath trees.
10. Flat-top Aster (Döellingeria umbellata)
Tall, elegant, and moisture-loving, Flat-top Aster carries rather elegant clusters of white flowers in an umbrella like shape. Therefore it’s a natural choice for wet meadows or rain gardens.
In the Garden & in the Wild.
Altogether, these native Asters create a living tapestry that feeds native bees, butterflies, and songbirds from mid-summer through frost. In ecological gardens, mixing species from sun and shade surely promises color and biodiversity across the seasons.
Jessecology + Aster.
Yes, certainly we love to plant Aster into new eco-garden systems! Fill out the “Start Your Project” form and we’ll be in touch soon.
